You can handle errors in T-SQL almost the same way as in C# or Visual Basic. You can make use of a Try and catch block to trap errors and provide feedback on the error.
A small example follows:
BEGIN TRY
SELECT *
FROM TABLE
WHERE Name LIKE '%Hannes%'
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT
ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber,
ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity,
ERROR_STATE() as ErrorState,
ERROR_PROCEDURE() as ErrorProcedure,
ERROR_LINE() as ErrorLine,
ERROR_MESSAGE() as ErrorMessage;
END CATCH
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