Arrays are similar to ideas in mathematics. An array stores many values in memory using only one name. “Array” in programming means approximately the same thing as array, matrix, or vectordoes in math. Unlike in math, you must declare the array and allocate a fixed amount of memory for it. Subscripts are enclosed in square brackets []. xi in mathematics is x[i] in C++.

Declaring an Array
Declare the array, the array’s size, and the type of elements. All elements must be the same type. Write the element type name, the name of the array variable, then the size enclosed in square brackets: (“[]”).

int scores[100];  // array of 100 ints, scores[0] to scores[99]char name[40];    // array of 40 chars, name[0] to name[39]

Subscripts Start at Zero
Subscript ranges always start at zero. This is a bad idea because it isn’t the way that humans normally count, but it’s the way that C, C++, Java, and many other languages do it. Although the an element with subscript zero is allocated, there is no need to use it, so you can program using subscripts from 1 up. However, most C++ programs use subscripts starting at 0, and we’ll use the convention here.

Length of an Array
There is no way to find the length of an array. You must keep the size (both the maximum, and currently filled size) of the array in variables. For example,

const int MAXSIZE = 366;..int temperature[MAXSIZE];int numOfTemps = 0;  // number of entries in temperature