August 8, 1998

An exception is thrown to indicate an abnormal state. The first handle to catch the exception can try to fix the problem. Should it fail to do that, or in

For efficiency reasons, large objects should usually be passed to or returned from a function by reference or by their address (using a pointer). There are, however, a few circumstances

Data members of a class are usually a part of its implementation rather than its interface. They may be replaced when the internal implementation of the class is to be

Derived classes can combine functionality of several base classes simultaneously, by means of multiple inheritance. Trying to achieve the same effect by using single inheritance can be very difficult, to

A class can be declared inside a function or a block. In such cases, it is not visible from anywhere else, and instances thereof can only be created within the

You can easily find out the browser type, version, and sometimes the operating system that your visitors are using by checking the userAgent and appVersion properties of the navigator object.

Data members of a class are usually a part of its implementation rather than its interface. They may be replaced when the internal implementation of the class is to be