Starting with JDK 8, you can avoid NullPointerException by returning an Optional. For example, instead of returning null, this method returns an empty Optional:
public Optional fetchShoppingCart(long id) { ShoppingCart cart = // code that fetch the card content for the specified id return Optional.ofNullable(cart);} 
Charlie has over a decade of experience in website administration and technology management. As the site admin, he oversees all technical aspects of running a high-traffic online platform, ensuring optimal performance, security, and user experience.
