Because static class members are not associated with a particular object of their class, you can access them even if you haven’t instantiated any object. In the following example, the static member function read_val() returns the value of the static member n, although no instance of class C exists:
class C{private: static int n;public: static int read_val() {return n;}};int main(){ int m = C::read_val(); // no object of type C exists; OK}
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