“getter” member functions usually return a result by value. However, when the returned value is a large object, a string for example, returning it by value can be very inefficient.

Exceptions report abnormal runtime situations. Although you have other mechanisms for detecting and reporting runtime errors, exceptions are advantageous because they automate the process of passing the error from a

The volatile specifier disables various optimizations that a compiler might automatically apply and thus introduce bugs. I

The SetCreationTime, SetLastWriteTime, and SetLastAccessTime methods of the System.IO.Directory class let you modify the date attributes of a file or directory: ‘ Change the access date- and time of all

To ensure that only a single thread accesses a data member of an object, declare that member private. Next, add the necessary synchronization operations (e.g., a call to EnterCriticalSection()) in

The Standard Library defines a function called std::unexpected() which is invoked when a function throws an exception not listed in its exception specification. std::unexpected invokes a user-defined function that was

set_unexpected() takes a pointer to a user-defined function of the following type: typedef void (*handler)(); Use set_unexpected() to register a user-defined routine that will be invoked when a function throws

If you

Unlike ordinary classes and functions, which you declare in a header file and define in a separate .cpp file, a template

The standard textbox has a MaxChars property that lets you limit the number of characters a user can type into it. The drop-down combo does not, but you can emulate

When you design a database in Access 2000, the most intuitive way or your users to look at the data they want might be to let them use xtended multiselect

Using the JavaScript program, you can let the user view a Web page only for certain time. After that specific period, without the user interaction the page will dispel another

Visio will search the connections between all of the attributes branching off from the file in which you are interested. However, Visio cannot read inside a comment tag. So create

To use this tip, the HTML form element which is required for Null Check should assign the title property some value concatenated with “C.” For example: On the submit tag,

Avoid storing the address of a local object created in an inner scope in a pointer in an outer scope. class Hello { public: void method();};void process(Hello& x);void myfunc(){ {

Here are three alternatives to scheduling a task run repeatedly without using threads:1.Using loop construct: boolean temp=true; While (temp) { for (int i = 0; i < 999999999; i++) {

There’s no direct command to read a script file and execute it. But isql.exe and osql.exe come in handy when you have to execute a script file from within T-SQL.

Almost all Java applications require looping at some point or other. Even the slightest improvement in looping time can make a huge performance difference. Because the size of an array

When * is used in a select query, it returns all the columns in a table. This approach can be used in a development or testing environment, but it should

Create one class similar to the following, add codes within the static block, and run the application. For example: public class A{ static void displayMe() { System.out.println(“I’m inside display Me

Say you want to have several classes-modifiers, and you want to execute a certain virtual function for each of them. The ideal solution is to create an abstract class with

Dynamic SQL queries allow users to create statements on the fly using parameters or variables. The EXECUTE (EXEC) statement is used to implement dynamic SQL solutions in the stored procedure.

If you want to force a class to be abstract (meaning you can’t actually create an instance of it), but don’t have any pure virtual functions to do it, you

All Web Forms controls, and the page itself, expose the EnableViewState property, a boolean that says whether the current value of the control must be saved in the __VIEWSTATE hidden

A few Web Forms control expose the AutoPostBack property, which makes it possible to start a postback when the user clicks on these controls or changes their contents. By default

In classic ASP, the only way to preserve information – for example, the value of a variable- – between consecutive client requests is by means of Session variables, cookies, or

During a page postback, the page is redrawn by default and users see a short but annoying flickering. Worse, the scroll position isn’t preserved during postbacks (the page scrolls to

In any decent sized application, one of the most common activities is string manipulation at one level or another. One of the most common problems with string manipulation is the